added 'debug' method to service builder

see: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/auth/percent-encoding-parameters

.gitignore

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@
 .project
 .settings
 
+# IntelliJ Idea settings
+
+.idea
+scribe.iml
+
 # Binaries
 
 target

README.textile

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-!http://img411.imageshack.us/img411/2851/scribelogo.png!
-
 h2. Welcome to the home of Scribe, the simple OAuth Java lib!
 
 h1. Why use Scribe?
@@ -40,6 +38,8 @@ h3. Supports all major 1.0a and 2.0 OAuth APIs out-of-the-box
 
 * Yammer
 
+* Windows Live
+
 * and many more! check the "examples folder":http://github.com/fernandezpablo85/scribe-java/tree/master/src/test/java/org/scribe/examples
 
 h3. Small and modular
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ You can pull scribe from a maven repository, just add this to your __pom.xml__ f
 @<dependency>@
   @<groupId>org.scribe</groupId>@
   @<artifactId>scribe</artifactId>@
-  @<version>1.1.0</version>@
+  @<version>1.3.0</version>@
 @</dependency>@
 
 h1. Getting started in less than 2 minutes
@@ -72,6 +72,12 @@ Check the "Getting Started":http://wiki.github.com/fernandezpablo85/scribe-java/
 
 h1. Please Read the "FAQ":http://wiki.github.com/fernandezpablo85/scribe-java/faq before creating an issue :)
 
+h1. Questions?
+
+Feel free to drop me an email, but there's already a "StackOvferflow":http://stackoverflow.com tag for "scribe":http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/scribe you should use. I'm subscribed to it so I'll pick the question immediately.
+
+Note that it really helps to run scribe on **debug** mode (since 1.3.0), to get additional info. To do this simply call the @.debug()@ method on the @ServiceBuilder@.
+
 h1. About me
 
 "LinkedIn profile":http://www.linkedin.com/in/fernandezpablo85

bundle

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+mvn source:jar javadoc:jar package gpg:sign repository:bundle-create -Dgpg.passphrase=$1

changelog.txt

@@ -30,4 +30,44 @@
   * FIX: Removed isEmpty() from OAuth2.0 code in order to support older JVMs
   * FEATURE: Overloaded provider() method to support instances as well as classes (thanks dustismo)
   * FIX: White-space parameter bug (thanks Krogoth)
-  * FEATURE: OAuth 2.0 now implements server-flow (thanks Diego Silveira)
+  * FEATURE: OAuth 2.0 now implements server-flow (thanks Diego Silveira)
+
+[1.1.2]
+
+  * FIX: Fixed ugly bug that made 1.1.1 practically unusable (thanks Stubbs)
+
+[1.1.3]
+
+  * FEATURE: Added rawResponse to Token, for extracting additional parameters (thanks Dirk McCormick)
+  * FEATURE: Added Dropbox Api
+  * FIX: Token responses now work despite of the token/secret order
+  * FEATURE: Added Foursquare OAuth 2.0 Api (thanks Tom Tasche)
+  * FEATURE: Added support for OAuth1.0a signatures via querystring parameters
+  * FEATURE: Added ConstantContact Api (thanks Matthew Laudato)
+
+[1.2]
+  * REFACTOR: Moved scope inside OAuthConfig (breaks backwards compatibility)
+  * FEATURE: Added scopes to Facebook 2.0 Api
+  * FEATURE: Added Plaintext signature for Yammer
+  * FEATURE: Added Twitter SSL endpoints (use TwitterApi.SSL.class)
+
+[1.2.1]
+  * FEATURE: Added custom charset support to Request (thanks Eric Genet)
+  * FEATURE: Added support for Vkontakte (thanks dotbg)
+  * FEATURE: Added Sohu Weibo, Netease Weibo & Sina Weibo Apis (thanks Arthur Wang)
+  * FEATURE: Added support for persistent Http Connections (thanks Craig Minton)
+
+[1.2.2]
+  * FIX: Added support for JDK 1.5. Issue #146 (thanks Sripathi Krishnan)
+  * FIX: Invalid character constant error message. Issue #137 (thanks Scott Scoble)
+  * FEATURE: Added a Api class to handle windows live authentication. Issue #135 (thanks Tomas Lin)
+  * FEATURE: Added refresh token feature for Yahoo! API. Issue #134 (thanks Aaron Foltz)
+  * FEATURE: Added support for Plurk API. Issue #130 (thanks Chia-Wei Li)
+  * FIX: Request.setConnectTimeout() and setReadTimeout() throw NPE. Issue #123 (thanks thepizzle)
+
+[1.2.3]
+  * FEATURE: Added default Content-Type header
+  * FEATURE: Sapo Api
+  * FEATURE: Plurk Mobile Api
+  * FEATURE: Kaixin and QWeibo Apis
+  * FEATURE: SimpleGeo Api

pom.xml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   <groupId>org.scribe</groupId>
   <artifactId>scribe</artifactId>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
-  <version>1.1.1</version>
+  <version>1.3.0</version>
   <name>Scribe OAuth Library</name>
   <description>The best OAuth library out there</description>
   <url>http://github.com/fernandezpablo85/scribe-java</url>
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@
       <plugin>
         <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
         <configuration>
-          <source>1.6</source>
+          <source>1.5</source>
-          <target>1.6</target>
+          <target>1.5</target>
         </configuration>
       </plugin>
       <plugin>

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/ServiceBuilder.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package org.scribe.builder;
 
+import java.io.*;
 import org.scribe.builder.api.*;
 import org.scribe.exceptions.*;
 import org.scribe.model.*;
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ public class ServiceBuilder
   private String callback;
   private Api api;
   private String scope;
+  private SignatureType signatureType;
+  private OutputStream debugStream;
   
   /**
    * Default constructor
@@ -27,6 +30,8 @@ public class ServiceBuilder
   public ServiceBuilder()
   {
     this.callback = OAuthConstants.OUT_OF_BAND;
+    this.signatureType = SignatureType.Header;
+    this.debugStream = null;
   }
   
   /**
@@ -122,6 +127,32 @@ public class ServiceBuilder
     this.scope = scope;
     return this;
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Configures the signature type, choose between header, querystring, etc. Defaults to Header
+   *
+   * @param scope The OAuth scope
+   * @return the {@link ServiceBuilder} instance for method chaining
+   */
+  public ServiceBuilder signatureType(SignatureType type)
+  {
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(type, "Signature type can't be null");
+    this.signatureType = type;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public ServiceBuilder debugStream(OutputStream stream)
+  {
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(stream, "debug stream can't be null");
+    this.debugStream = stream;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public ServiceBuilder debug()
+  {
+    this.debugStream(System.out);
+    return this;
+  }
   
   /**
    * Returns the fully configured {@link OAuthService}
@@ -133,6 +164,6 @@ public class ServiceBuilder
     Preconditions.checkNotNull(api, "You must specify a valid api through the provider() method");
     Preconditions.checkEmptyString(apiKey, "You must provide an api key");
     Preconditions.checkEmptyString(apiSecret, "You must provide an api secret");
-    return api.createService(new OAuthConfig(apiKey, apiSecret, callback), scope);
+    return api.createService(new OAuthConfig(apiKey, apiSecret, callback, signatureType, scope, debugStream));
   }
 }

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/Api.java

@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ public interface Api
    * 
    * @return fully configured {@link OAuthService}
    */
-  OAuthService createService(OAuthConfig config, String scope);
+  OAuthService createService(OAuthConfig config);
 }

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/ConstantContactApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+public class ConstantContactApi extends DefaultApi10a
+{
+  private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://oauth.constantcontact.com/ws/oauth/confirm_access?oauth_token=%s";
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return "https://oauth.constantcontact.com/ws/oauth/access_token";
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+  {
+    return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return "https://oauth.constantcontact.com/ws/oauth/request_token";
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/DefaultApi10a.java

@@ -134,14 +134,7 @@ public abstract class DefaultApi10a implements Api
    * @param callback OAuth callback (either URL or 'oob')
    * @param scope OAuth scope (optional) 
    */
-  public OAuthService createService(OAuthConfig config, String scope)
+  public OAuthService createService(OAuthConfig config)
-  {
-    OAuthService service = doCreateService(config);
-    service.addScope(scope);
-    return service;
-  }
-  
-  private OAuthService doCreateService(OAuthConfig config)
   {
     return new OAuth10aServiceImpl(this, config);
   }

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/DefaultApi20.java

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public abstract class DefaultApi20 implements Api
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
-  public OAuthService createService(OAuthConfig config, String scope)
+  public OAuthService createService(OAuthConfig config)
   {
     return new OAuth20ServiceImpl(this, config);
   }

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/DropBoxApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+public class DropBoxApi extends DefaultApi10a
+{
+  @Override
+  public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return "https://api.dropbox.com/0/oauth/access_token";
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+  {
+    return "https://www.dropbox.com/0/oauth/authorize?oauth_token="+requestToken.getToken();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return "https://api.dropbox.com/0/oauth/request_token";
+  }
+
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/FacebookApi.java

@@ -1,22 +1,33 @@
 package org.scribe.builder.api;
 
 import org.scribe.model.*;
+
 import org.scribe.utils.*;
 
 public class FacebookApi extends DefaultApi20
 {
   private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth?client_id=%s&redirect_uri=%s";
+  private static final String SCOPED_AUTHORIZE_URL = AUTHORIZE_URL + "&scope=%s";
 
   @Override
   public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
   {
     return "https://graph.facebook.com/oauth/access_token";
   }
-  
+
   @Override
   public String getAuthorizationUrl(OAuthConfig config)
   {
     Preconditions.checkValidUrl(config.getCallback(), "Must provide a valid url as callback. Facebook does not support OOB");
-    return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, config.getApiKey(), URLUtils.formURLEncode(config.getCallback()));
+
+    // Append scope if present
+    if(config.hasScope())
+    {
+     return String.format(SCOPED_AUTHORIZE_URL, config.getApiKey(), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getCallback()), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getScope()));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, config.getApiKey(), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getCallback()));
+    }
   }
 }

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/Foursquare2Api.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.extractors.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.utils.*;
+
+public class Foursquare2Api extends DefaultApi20
+{
+  private static final String AUTHORIZATION_URL = "https://foursquare.com/oauth2/authenticate?client_id=%s&response_type=code&redirect_uri=%s";
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return "https://foursquare.com/oauth2/access_token?grant_type=authorization_code";
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAuthorizationUrl(OAuthConfig config)
+  {
+    Preconditions.checkValidUrl(config.getCallback(), "Must provide a valid url as callback. Foursquare2 does not support OOB");
+    return String.format(AUTHORIZATION_URL, config.getApiKey(), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getCallback()));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public AccessTokenExtractor getAccessTokenExtractor()
+  {
+    return new JsonTokenExtractor();
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/KaixinApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+public class KaixinApi extends DefaultApi10a 
+{
+	private static final String REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "http://api.kaixin001.com/oauth/request_token";
+	private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "http://api.kaixin001.com/oauth/access_token";
+	private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "http://api.kaixin001.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=%s";
+
+	@Override
+	public String getRequestTokenEndpoint() 
+	{
+		return REQUEST_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAccessTokenEndpoint() 
+	{
+		return ACCESS_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken) 
+	{
+		return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Verb getRequestTokenVerb() 
+	{
+		return Verb.GET;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Verb getAccessTokenVerb() 
+	{
+		return Verb.GET;
+	}
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/LiveApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.extractors.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.utils.*;
+
+public class LiveApi extends DefaultApi20
+{
+
+	private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://oauth.live.com/authorize?client_id=%s&redirect_uri=%s&response_type=code";
+	private static final String SCOPED_AUTHORIZE_URL = AUTHORIZE_URL + "&scope=%s";
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+	{
+		return "https://oauth.live.com/token?grant_type=authorization_code";
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAuthorizationUrl(OAuthConfig config)
+	{
+		Preconditions.checkValidUrl(config.getCallback(), "Must provide a valid url as callback. Live does not support OOB");
+
+		// Append scope if present
+		if (config.hasScope())
+		{
+			return String.format(SCOPED_AUTHORIZE_URL, config.getApiKey(), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getCallback()), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getScope()));
+		}
+    else
+		{
+			return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, config.getApiKey(), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getCallback()));
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public AccessTokenExtractor getAccessTokenExtractor()
+	{
+		return new JsonTokenExtractor();
+	}
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/LoveFilmApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.Token;
+
+public class LoveFilmApi extends DefaultApi10a
+{
+  private static final String REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "http://openapi.lovefilm.com/oauth/request_token";
+  private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "http://openapi.lovefilm.com/oauth/access_token";
+  private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://www.lovefilm.com/activate?oauth_token=%s";
+
+  @Override
+  public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return REQUEST_TOKEN_URL;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return ACCESS_TOKEN_URL;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+  {
+    return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/NeteaseWeibooApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+public class NeteaseWeibooApi extends DefaultApi10a
+{
+	private static final String REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "http://api.t.163.com/oauth/request_token";
+	private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "http://api.t.163.com/oauth/access_token";
+	private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "http://api.t.163.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=%s";
+	private static final String AUTHENTICATE_URL = "http://api.t.163.com/oauth/authenticate?oauth_token=%s";
+
+	@Override
+	public String getRequestTokenEndpoint() 
+	{
+		return REQUEST_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+	{
+		return ACCESS_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	/**
+	 * this method will ignore your callback
+	 * if you're creating a desktop client please choose this url
+	 * else your can call getAuthenticateUrl
+	 * 
+	 * via http://open.t.163.com/wiki/index.php?title=%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83Token(oauth/authorize)
+	 */
+	public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+	{
+		return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * this method is for web client with callback url
+	 * if you're creating a desktop client please call getAuthorizationUrl 
+	 * 
+	 * via http://open.t.163.com/wiki/index.php?title=%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83Token(oauth/authenticate)
+	 */
+	public String getAuthenticateUrl(Token requestToken)
+	{
+		return String.format(AUTHENTICATE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+	}
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/PlurkApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.Token;
+
+public class PlurkApi extends DefaultApi10a
+{
+  private static final String REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "http://www.plurk.com/OAuth/request_token";
+  private static final String AUTHORIZATION_URL = "http://www.plurk.com/OAuth/authorize?oauth_token=%s";
+  private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "http://www.plurk.com/OAuth/access_token";
+
+  @Override
+  public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return REQUEST_TOKEN_URL;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+  {
+    return String.format(AUTHORIZATION_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return ACCESS_TOKEN_URL;
+  }
+
+  public class Mobile extends PlurkApi
+  {
+    private static final String AUTHORIZATION_URL = "http://www.plurk.com/m/authorize?oauth_token=%s";
+
+    @Override
+    public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+    {
+      return String.format(AUTHORIZATION_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/QWeiboApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+public class QWeiboApi extends DefaultApi10a 
+{
+	private static final String REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "https://open.t.qq.com/cgi-bin/request_token";
+	private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://open.t.qq.com/cgi-bin/access_token";
+	private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://open.t.qq.com/cgi-bin/authorize?oauth_token=%s";
+
+	@Override
+	public String getRequestTokenEndpoint() 
+	{
+		return REQUEST_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAccessTokenEndpoint() 
+	{
+		return ACCESS_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken) 
+	{
+		return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+	}
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/SapoApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+public class SapoApi extends DefaultApi10a
+{
+  private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://id.sapo.pt/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=%s";
+  private static final String ACCESS_URL = "https://id.sapo.pt/oauth/access_token";
+  private static final String REQUEST_URL = "https://id.sapo.pt/oauth/request_token";
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return ACCESS_URL;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return REQUEST_URL;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+  {
+    return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Verb getRequestTokenVerb()
+  {
+    return Verb.GET;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Verb getAccessTokenVerb()
+  {
+    return Verb.GET;
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/SimpleGeoApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.Token;
+
+/**
+ * @author: Pablo Fernandez
+ */
+public class SimpleGeoApi extends DefaultApi10a
+{
+  private static final String ENDPOINT = "these are not used since SimpleGeo uses 2 legged OAuth";
+
+	@Override
+	public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+	{
+		return ENDPOINT;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+	{
+		return ENDPOINT;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+	{
+		return ENDPOINT;
+	}
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/SinaWeiboApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+public class SinaWeiboApi extends DefaultApi10a
+{
+	private static final String REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "http://api.t.sina.com.cn/oauth/request_token";
+	private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "http://api.t.sina.com.cn/oauth/access_token";
+	private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "http://api.t.sina.com.cn/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=%s";
+
+	@Override
+	public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+	{
+		return REQUEST_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+	{
+		return ACCESS_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+	{
+		return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+	}
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/SohuWeiboApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+public class SohuWeiboApi extends DefaultApi10a
+{
+	private static final String REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "http://api.t.sohu.com/oauth/request_token";
+	private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "http://api.t.sohu.com/oauth/access_token";
+	private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "http://api.t.sohu.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=%s";
+
+	@Override
+	public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+	{
+		return REQUEST_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+	{
+		return ACCESS_TOKEN_URL;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+	{
+		return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+	}
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/TwitterApi.java

@@ -5,22 +5,62 @@ import org.scribe.model.Token;
 public class TwitterApi extends DefaultApi10a
 {
   private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=%s";
+  private static final String REQUEST_TOKEN_RESOURCE = "api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token";
+  private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_RESOURCE = "api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token";
   
   @Override
   public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
   {
-    return "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token";
+    return "http://" + ACCESS_TOKEN_RESOURCE;
   }
 
   @Override
   public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
   {
-    return "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token";
+    return "http://" + REQUEST_TOKEN_RESOURCE;
   }
-  
+
   @Override
   public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
   {
     return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
   }
+
+  public static class SSL extends TwitterApi
+  {
+    @Override
+    public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+    {
+      return "https://" + ACCESS_TOKEN_RESOURCE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+    {
+      return "https://" + REQUEST_TOKEN_RESOURCE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Twitter 'friendlier' authorization endpoint for OAuth.
+   *
+   * Uses SSL.
+   */
+  public static class Authenticate extends SSL
+  {
+    private static final String AUTHENTICATE_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authenticate?oauth_token=%s";
+
+    @Override
+    public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+    {
+      return String.format(AUTHENTICATE_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Just an alias to the default (SSL) authorization endpoint.
+   *
+   * Need to include this for symmetry with 'Authenticate' only.
+   */
+  public static class Authorize extends SSL{}
 }

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/VkontakteApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package org.scribe.builder.api;
+
+import org.scribe.extractors.*;
+import org.scribe.utils.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author Boris G. Tsirkin <mail@dotbg.name>
+ * @since 20.4.2011
+ */
+public class VkontakteApi extends DefaultApi20
+{
+  private static final String AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://api.vkontakte.ru/oauth/authorize?client_id=%s&redirect_uri=%s&response_type=code";
+  private static final String SCOPED_AUTHORIZE_URL = String.format("%s&scope=%%s", AUTHORIZE_URL);
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+  {
+    return "https://api.vkontakte.ru/oauth/access_token";
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getAuthorizationUrl(OAuthConfig config)
+  {
+    Preconditions.checkValidUrl(config.getCallback(), "Valid url is required for a callback. Vkontakte does not support OOB");
+    if(config.hasScope())// Appending scope if present
+    {
+     return String.format(SCOPED_AUTHORIZE_URL, config.getApiKey(), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getCallback()), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getScope()));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return String.format(AUTHORIZE_URL, config.getApiKey(), OAuthEncoder.encode(config.getCallback()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public AccessTokenExtractor getAccessTokenExtractor()
+  {
+    return new JsonTokenExtractor();
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/builder/api/YammerApi.java

@@ -1,26 +1,33 @@
 package org.scribe.builder.api;
 
-import org.scribe.model.Token;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.services.*;
 
 public class YammerApi extends DefaultApi10a
 {
   private static final String AUTHORIZATION_URL = "'https://www.yammer.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=%s'";
 
-	@Override
+  @Override
-	public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
+  public String getRequestTokenEndpoint()
   {
-		return "https://www.yammer.com/oauth/request_token";
+    return "https://www.yammer.com/oauth/request_token";
-	}
+  }
 
-	@Override
+  @Override
-	public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
+  public String getAccessTokenEndpoint()
   {
-		return "https://www.yammer.com/oauth/access_token";
+    return "https://www.yammer.com/oauth/access_token";
-	}
+  }
-	
+
-	@Override
+  @Override
-	public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
+  public String getAuthorizationUrl(Token requestToken)
-	{
+  {
-	  return String.format(AUTHORIZATION_URL, requestToken.getToken());
+    return String.format(AUTHORIZATION_URL, requestToken.getToken());
-	}
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SignatureService getSignatureService()
+  {
+    return new PlaintextSignatureService();
+  }
 }

src/main/java/org/scribe/extractors/BaseStringExtractorImpl.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package org.scribe.extractors;
 
-import java.util.*;
-
 import org.scribe.exceptions.*;
 import org.scribe.model.*;
 import org.scribe.utils.*;
@@ -23,20 +21,19 @@ public class BaseStringExtractorImpl implements BaseStringExtractor
   public String extract(OAuthRequest request)
   {
     checkPreconditions(request);
-    String verb = URLUtils.percentEncode(request.getVerb().name());
+    String verb = OAuthEncoder.encode(request.getVerb().name());
-    String url = URLUtils.percentEncode(request.getSanitizedUrl());
+    String url = OAuthEncoder.encode(request.getSanitizedUrl());
     String params = getSortedAndEncodedParams(request);
     return String.format(AMPERSAND_SEPARATED_STRING, verb, url, params);
   }
 
   private String getSortedAndEncodedParams(OAuthRequest request)
   {
-    Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    ParameterList params = new ParameterList();
-    MapUtils.decodeAndAppendEntries(request.getQueryStringParams(), params);
+    params.addAll(request.getQueryStringParams());
-    MapUtils.decodeAndAppendEntries(request.getBodyParams(), params);
+    params.addAll(request.getBodyParams());
-    MapUtils.decodeAndAppendEntries(request.getOauthParameters(), params);
+    params.addAll(new ParameterList(request.getOauthParameters()));
-    params = MapUtils.sort(params);
+    return params.sort().asOauthBaseString();
-    return URLUtils.percentEncode(URLUtils.concatSortedPercentEncodedParams(params));
   }
 
   private void checkPreconditions(OAuthRequest request)

src/main/java/org/scribe/extractors/HeaderExtractorImpl.java

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public class HeaderExtractorImpl implements HeaderExtractor
       { 
         header.append(PARAM_SEPARATOR);
       }
-      header.append(String.format("%s=\"%s\"", key, URLUtils.percentEncode(parameters.get(key))));
+      header.append(String.format("%s=\"%s\"", key, OAuthEncoder.encode(parameters.get(key))));
     }
     return header.toString();
   }

src/main/java/org/scribe/extractors/JsonTokenExtractor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.scribe.extractors;
+
+import java.util.regex.*;
+
+import org.scribe.exceptions.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.utils.*;
+
+public class JsonTokenExtractor implements AccessTokenExtractor
+{
+  private Pattern accessTokenPattern = Pattern.compile("\"access_token\":\\s*\"(\\S*?)\"");
+
+  @Override
+  public Token extract(String response)
+  {
+    Preconditions.checkEmptyString(response, "Cannot extract a token from a null or empty String");
+    Matcher matcher = accessTokenPattern.matcher(response);
+    if(matcher.find())
+    {
+      return new Token(matcher.group(1), "", response);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      throw new OAuthException("Cannot extract an acces token. Response was: " + response);
+    }
+  }
+
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/extractors/TokenExtractor20Impl.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import org.scribe.utils.*;
  */
 public class TokenExtractor20Impl implements AccessTokenExtractor
 {
-  private static final String TOKEN_REGEX = "access_token=(\\S*?)(&(\\S*))?";
+  private static final String TOKEN_REGEX = "access_token=([^&]+)";
   private static final String EMPTY_SECRET = "";
 
   /**
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ public class TokenExtractor20Impl implements AccessTokenExtractor
     Preconditions.checkEmptyString(response, "Response body is incorrect. Can't extract a token from an empty string");
 
     Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(TOKEN_REGEX).matcher(response);
-    if (matcher.matches())
+    if (matcher.find())
     {
-      String token = URLUtils.formURLDecode(matcher.group(1));
+      String token = OAuthEncoder.decode(matcher.group(1));
-      return new Token(token, EMPTY_SECRET);
+      return new Token(token, EMPTY_SECRET, response);
     } 
     else
     {

src/main/java/org/scribe/extractors/TokenExtractorImpl.java

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ import org.scribe.utils.*;
  */
 public class TokenExtractorImpl implements RequestTokenExtractor, AccessTokenExtractor
 {
-  private static final String TOKEN_REGEX = "oauth_token=(\\S*)&oauth_token_secret=(\\S*?)(&(.*))?";
+  private static final Pattern TOKEN_REGEX = Pattern.compile("oauth_token=([^&]+)");
+  private static final Pattern SECRET_REGEX = Pattern.compile("oauth_token_secret=([^&]+)");
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc} 
@@ -23,17 +24,21 @@ public class TokenExtractorImpl implements RequestTokenExtractor, AccessTokenExt
   public Token extract(String response)
   {
     Preconditions.checkEmptyString(response, "Response body is incorrect. Can't extract a token from an empty string");
+    String token = extract(response, TOKEN_REGEX);
+    String secret = extract(response, SECRET_REGEX);
+    return new Token(token, secret, response);
+  }
 
-    Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(TOKEN_REGEX).matcher(response);
+  private String extract(String response, Pattern p)
-    if (matcher.matches())
+  {
+    Matcher matcher = p.matcher(response);
+    if (matcher.find() && matcher.groupCount() >= 1)
     {
-      String token = URLUtils.formURLDecode(matcher.group(1));
+      return OAuthEncoder.decode(matcher.group(1));
-      String secret = URLUtils.formURLDecode(matcher.group(2));
-      return new Token(token, secret);
     }
     else
     {
-      throw new OAuthException("Response body is incorrect. Can't extract a token from this: '" + response + "'", null);
+      throw new OAuthException("Response body is incorrect. Can't extract token and secret from this: '" + response + "'", null);
     }
   }
 }

src/main/java/org/scribe/model/OAuthConfig.java

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package org.scribe.model;
 
+import java.io.*;
+
 /**
  * Parameter object that groups OAuth config values
  * 
@@ -7,20 +9,26 @@ package org.scribe.model;
  */
 public class OAuthConfig
 {
-  private String apiKey;
+  private final String apiKey;
-  private String apiSecret;
+  private final String apiSecret;
-  private String callback;
+  private final String callback;
+  private final SignatureType signatureType;
+  private final String scope;
+  private final OutputStream debugStream;
   
   public OAuthConfig(String key, String secret)
   {
-    this(key,secret,null);
+    this(key, secret, null, null, null, null);
   }
-  
+
-  public OAuthConfig(String key, String secret, String callback)
+  public OAuthConfig(String key, String secret, String callback, SignatureType type, String scope, OutputStream stream)
   {
     this.apiKey = key;
     this.apiSecret = secret;
     this.callback = callback;
+    this.signatureType = type;
+    this.scope = scope;
+    this.debugStream = stream;
   }
 
   public String getApiKey()
@@ -28,28 +36,44 @@ public class OAuthConfig
     return apiKey;
   }
 
-  public void setApiKey(String apiKey)
-  {
-    this.apiKey = apiKey;
-  }
-
   public String getApiSecret()
   {
     return apiSecret;
   }
 
-  public void setApiSecret(String apiSecret)
-  {
-    this.apiSecret = apiSecret;
-  }
-
   public String getCallback()
   {
-    return callback != null ? callback : OAuthConstants.OUT_OF_BAND;
+    return callback;
   }
 
-  public void setCallback(String callback)
+  public SignatureType getSignatureType()
   {
-    this.callback = callback;
+    return signatureType;
   }
-}
+
+  public String getScope()
+  {
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  public boolean hasScope()
+  {
+    return scope != null;
+  }
+
+  public void log(String message)
+  {
+    if (debugStream != null)
+    {
+      message = message + "\n";
+      try
+      {
+        debugStream.write(message.getBytes("UTF8"));
+      }
+      catch (Exception e)
+      {
+        // do nothing.
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/model/Parameter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package org.scribe.model;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import org.scribe.exceptions.OAuthException;
+import org.scribe.utils.OAuthEncoder;
+
+/**
+ * @author: Pablo Fernandez
+ */
+public class Parameter implements Comparable<Parameter>
+{
+  private static final String UTF = "UTF8";
+
+  private final String key;
+  private final String value;
+
+  public Parameter(String key, String value)
+  {
+    this.key = key;
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  public String asUrlEncodedPair()
+  {
+    return OAuthEncoder.encode(key).concat("=").concat(OAuthEncoder.encode(value));
+  }
+  
+  public boolean equals(Object other)
+  {
+    if(other == null) return false;
+    if(other == this) return true;
+    if(!(other instanceof Parameter)) return false;
+    
+    Parameter otherParam = (Parameter) other;
+    return otherParam.key.equals(key) && otherParam.value.equals(value);
+  }
+
+  public int hashCode()
+  {
+    return key.hashCode() + value.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  public int compareTo(Parameter parameter)
+  {
+    int keyDiff = key.compareTo(parameter.key);
+
+    return keyDiff != 0 ? keyDiff : value.compareTo(parameter.value);
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/model/ParameterList.java

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package org.scribe.model;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.scribe.utils.OAuthEncoder;
+import org.scribe.utils.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * @author: Pablo Fernandez
+ */
+public class ParameterList
+{
+  private static final char QUERY_STRING_SEPARATOR = '?';
+  private static final String PARAM_SEPARATOR = "&";
+  private static final String PAIR_SEPARATOR = "=";
+  private static final String EMPTY_STRING = "";
+
+  private final List<Parameter> params;
+
+  public ParameterList()
+  {
+    params = new ArrayList<Parameter>();
+  }
+
+  ParameterList(List<Parameter> params)
+  {
+    this.params = new ArrayList<Parameter>(params);
+  }
+
+  public ParameterList(Map<String, String> map)
+  {
+    this();
+    for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet())
+    {
+      params.add(new Parameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+    }
+  }
+  
+  public void add(String key, String value)
+  {
+    params.add(new Parameter(key, value));
+  }
+
+  public String appendTo(String url)
+  {
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(url, "Cannot append to null URL");
+    String queryString = asFormUrlEncodedString();
+    if (queryString.equals(EMPTY_STRING))
+    {
+      return url;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      url += url.indexOf(QUERY_STRING_SEPARATOR) != -1 ? PARAM_SEPARATOR : QUERY_STRING_SEPARATOR;
+      url += queryString;
+      return url;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public String asOauthBaseString()
+  {
+    try
+    {
+      return URLEncoder.encode(asFormUrlEncodedString(), "UTF8");
+    }
+    catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee)
+    {
+     throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public String asFormUrlEncodedString()
+  {
+    if (params.size() == 0) return EMPTY_STRING;
+
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+    for(Parameter p : params)
+    {
+      builder.append('&').append(p.asUrlEncodedPair());
+    }
+    return builder.toString().substring(1);
+  }
+
+  public void addAll(ParameterList other)
+  {
+    params.addAll(other.params);
+  }
+
+  public void addQuerystring(String queryString)
+  {
+    if (queryString != null && queryString.length() > 0)
+    {
+      for (String param : queryString.split(PARAM_SEPARATOR))
+      {
+        String pair[] = param.split(PAIR_SEPARATOR);
+        String key = OAuthEncoder.decode(pair[0]);
+        String value = pair.length > 1 ? OAuthEncoder.decode(pair[1]) : EMPTY_STRING;
+        params.add(new Parameter(key, value));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean contains(Parameter param)
+  {
+    return params.contains(param);
+  }
+
+  public int size()
+  {
+    return params.size();
+  }
+
+  public ParameterList sort()
+  {
+    ParameterList sorted = new ParameterList(params);
+    Collections.sort(sorted.params);
+    return sorted;
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/model/Request.java

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package org.scribe.model;
 
 import java.io.*;
 import java.net.*;
+import java.nio.charset.*;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 import org.scribe.exceptions.*;
-import org.scribe.utils.*;
 
 /**
  * Represents an HTTP Request object
@@ -16,14 +16,21 @@ import org.scribe.utils.*;
 class Request
 {
   private static final String CONTENT_LENGTH = "Content-Length";
+  private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "Content-Type";
+  public static final String DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
 
   private String url;
   private Verb verb;
-  private Map<String, String> querystringParams;
+  private ParameterList querystringParams;
-  private Map<String, String> bodyParams;
+  private ParameterList bodyParams;
   private Map<String, String> headers;
   private String payload = null;
   private HttpURLConnection connection;
+  private String charset;
+  private byte[] bytePayload = null;
+  private boolean connectionKeepAlive = false;
+  private Long connectTimeout = null;
+  private Long readTimeout = null;
 
   /**
    * Creates a new Http Request
@@ -35,8 +42,8 @@ class Request
   {
     this.verb = verb;
     this.url = url;
-    this.querystringParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    this.querystringParams = new ParameterList();
-    this.bodyParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    this.bodyParams = new ParameterList();
     this.headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
   }
 
@@ -53,28 +60,52 @@ class Request
     {
       createConnection();
       return doSend();
-    } catch (IOException ioe)
+    }
+    catch (UnknownHostException uhe)
     {
-      throw new OAuthException("Problems while creating connection", ioe);
+      throw new OAuthException("Could not reach the desired host. Check your network connection.", uhe);
+    }
+    catch (IOException ioe)
+    {
+      throw new OAuthException("Problems while creating connection.", ioe);
     }
   }
 
   private void createConnection() throws IOException
   {
-    String effectiveUrl = URLUtils.appendParametersToQueryString(url, querystringParams);
+    String completeUrl = getCompleteUrl();
     if (connection == null)
     {
-      connection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(effectiveUrl).openConnection();
+      System.setProperty("http.keepAlive", connectionKeepAlive ? "true" : "false");
+      connection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(completeUrl).openConnection();
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns the complete url (host + resource + encoded querystring parameters).
+   *
+   * @return the complete url.
+   */
+  public String getCompleteUrl()
+  {
+    return querystringParams.appendTo(url);
+  }
+
   Response doSend() throws IOException
   {
     connection.setRequestMethod(this.verb.name());
+    if (connectTimeout != null) 
+    {
+      connection.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout.intValue());
+    }
+    if (readTimeout != null)
+    {
+      connection.setReadTimeout(readTimeout.intValue());
+    }
     addHeaders(connection);
     if (verb.equals(Verb.PUT) || verb.equals(Verb.POST))
     {
-      addBody(connection, getBodyContents());
+      addBody(connection, getByteBodyContents());
     }
     return new Response(connection);
   }
@@ -85,11 +116,17 @@ class Request
       conn.setRequestProperty(key, headers.get(key));
   }
 
-  void addBody(HttpURLConnection conn, String content) throws IOException
+  void addBody(HttpURLConnection conn, byte[] content) throws IOException
   {
-    conn.setRequestProperty(CONTENT_LENGTH, String.valueOf(content.getBytes().length));
+    conn.setRequestProperty(CONTENT_LENGTH, String.valueOf(content.length));
+
+    // Set default content type if none is set.
+    if (conn.getRequestProperty(CONTENT_TYPE) == null)
+    {
+      conn.setRequestProperty(CONTENT_TYPE, DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE);
+    }
     conn.setDoOutput(true);
-    conn.getOutputStream().write(content.getBytes());
+    conn.getOutputStream().write(content);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -111,7 +148,7 @@ class Request
    */
   public void addBodyParameter(String key, String value)
   {
-    this.bodyParams.put(key, value);
+    this.bodyParams.add(key, value);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -122,7 +159,7 @@ class Request
    */
   public void addQuerystringParameter(String key, String value)
   {
-    this.querystringParams.put(key, value);
+    this.querystringParams.add(key, value);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -141,20 +178,30 @@ class Request
   }
 
   /**
-   * Get a {@link Map} of the query string parameters.
+   * Overloaded version for byte arrays
-   * 
+   *
-   * @return a map containing the query string parameters
+   * @param payload
-   * @throws OAuthException if the URL is not valid
    */
-  public Map<String, String> getQueryStringParams()
+  public void addPayload(byte[] payload)
+  {
+    this.bytePayload = payload;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a {@link ParameterList} with the query string parameters.
+   * 
+   * @return a {@link ParameterList} containing the query string parameters.
+   * @throws OAuthException if the request URL is not valid.
+   */
+  public ParameterList getQueryStringParams()
   {
     try
     {
-      Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
+      ParameterList result = new ParameterList();
       String queryString = new URL(url).getQuery();
-      params.putAll(URLUtils.queryStringToMap(queryString));
+      result.addQuerystring(queryString);
-      params.putAll(this.querystringParams);
+      result.addAll(querystringParams);
-      return params;
+      return result;
     }
     catch (MalformedURLException mue)
     {
@@ -163,11 +210,11 @@ class Request
   }
 
   /**
-   * Obtains a {@link Map} of the body parameters.
+   * Obtains a {@link ParameterList} of the body parameters.
    * 
-   * @return a map containing the body parameters.
+   * @return a {@link ParameterList}containing the body parameters.
    */
-  public Map<String, String> getBodyParams()
+  public ParameterList getBodyParams()
   {
     return bodyParams;
   }
@@ -196,10 +243,32 @@ class Request
    * Returns the body of the request
    * 
    * @return form encoded string
+   * @throws OAuthException if the charset chosen is not supported
    */
   public String getBodyContents()
   {
-    return (payload != null) ? payload : URLUtils.formURLEncodeMap(bodyParams);
+    try
+    {
+      return new String(getByteBodyContents(),getCharset());
+    }
+    catch(UnsupportedEncodingException uee)
+    {
+      throw new OAuthException("Unsupported Charset: "+charset, uee);
+    }
+  }
+
+  byte[] getByteBodyContents()
+  {
+    if (bytePayload != null) return bytePayload;
+    String body = (payload != null) ? payload : bodyParams.asFormUrlEncodedString();
+    try
+    {
+      return body.getBytes(getCharset());
+    }
+    catch(UnsupportedEncodingException uee)
+    {
+      throw new OAuthException("Unsupported Charset: "+getCharset(), uee);
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -222,6 +291,16 @@ class Request
     return headers;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns the connection charset. Defaults to {@link Charset} defaultCharset if not set
+   *
+   * @return charset
+   */
+  public String getCharset()
+  {
+    return charset == null ? Charset.defaultCharset().name() : charset;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Sets the connect timeout for the underlying {@link HttpURLConnection}
    * 
@@ -231,7 +310,7 @@ class Request
    */
   public void setConnectTimeout(int duration, TimeUnit unit)
   {
-    this.connection.setConnectTimeout((int) unit.toMillis(duration));
+    this.connectTimeout = unit.toMillis(duration);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -243,9 +322,30 @@ class Request
    */
   public void setReadTimeout(int duration, TimeUnit unit)
   {
-    this.connection.setReadTimeout((int) unit.toMillis(duration));
+    this.readTimeout = unit.toMillis(duration);
   }
-  
+
+  /**
+   * Set the charset of the body of the request
+   *
+   * @param charsetName name of the charset of the request
+   */
+  public void setCharset(String charsetName)
+  {
+    this.charset = charsetName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets whether the underlying Http Connection is persistent or not.
+   *
+   * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/net/http-keepalive.html
+   * @param connectionKeepAlive
+   */
+  public void setConnectionKeepAlive(boolean connectionKeepAlive)
+  {
+    this.connectionKeepAlive = connectionKeepAlive;
+  }
+
   /*
    * We need this in order to stub the connection object for test cases
    */

src/main/java/org/scribe/model/Response.java

@@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ public class Response
       connection.connect();
       code = connection.getResponseCode();
       headers = parseHeaders(connection);
-      stream = wasSuccessful() ? connection.getInputStream() : connection.getErrorStream();
+      stream = isSuccessful() ? connection.getInputStream() : connection.getErrorStream();
-    } catch (UnknownHostException e)
+    }
+    catch (UnknownHostException e)
     {
       code = 404;
-      body = EMPTY;
+      body = Response.EMPTY;
     }
   }
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ public class Response
     return headers;
   }
 
-  private boolean wasSuccessful()
+  public boolean isSuccessful()
   {
     return getCode() >= 200 && getCode() < 400;
   }
@@ -100,10 +101,9 @@ public class Response
   /**
    * Obtains a single HTTP Header value, or null if undefined
    * 
-   * @param header
+   * @param name the header name.
-   *          name
    * 
-   * @return header value or null
+   * @return header value or null.
    */
   public String getHeader(String name)
   {

src/main/java/org/scribe/model/SignatureType.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package org.scribe.model;
+
+public enum SignatureType
+{
+  Header,
+  QueryString
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/model/Token.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ public class Token implements Serializable
 	
   private final String token;
   private final String secret;
+  private final String rawResponse;
 
   /**
    * Default constructor
@@ -21,9 +22,15 @@ public class Token implements Serializable
    * @param secret token secret
    */
   public Token(String token, String secret)
+  {
+    this(token, secret, null);
+  }
+
+  public Token(String token, String secret, String rawResponse)
   {
     this.token = token;
     this.secret = secret;
+    this.rawResponse = rawResponse;
   }
 
   public String getToken()
@@ -36,6 +43,15 @@ public class Token implements Serializable
     return secret;
   }
 
+  public String getRawResponse()
+  {
+    if (rawResponse == null)
+    {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("This token object was not constructed by scribe and does not have a rawResponse");
+    }
+    return rawResponse;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public String toString()
   {

src/main/java/org/scribe/oauth/OAuth10aServiceImpl.java

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package org.scribe.oauth;
 
+import java.util.*;
+
 import org.scribe.builder.api.*;
 import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.utils.*;
 
 /**
  * OAuth 1.0a implementation of {@link OAuthService}
@@ -10,12 +13,10 @@ import org.scribe.model.*;
  */
 public class OAuth10aServiceImpl implements OAuthService
 {
-  private static final String NO_SCOPE = null;
   private static final String VERSION = "1.0";
 
   private OAuthConfig config;
   private DefaultApi10a api;
-  private String scope;
 
   /**
    * Default constructor
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ public class OAuth10aServiceImpl implements OAuthService
   {
     this.api = api;
     this.config = config;
-    this.scope = NO_SCOPE;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -35,12 +35,21 @@ public class OAuth10aServiceImpl implements OAuthService
    */
   public Token getRequestToken()
   {
+    config.log("obtaining request token from " + api.getRequestTokenEndpoint());
     OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(api.getRequestTokenVerb(), api.getRequestTokenEndpoint());
-    addOAuthParams(request, OAuthConstants.EMPTY_TOKEN);
+
+    config.log("setting oauth_callback to " + config.getCallback());
     request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.CALLBACK, config.getCallback());
-    addOAuthHeader(request);
+    addOAuthParams(request, OAuthConstants.EMPTY_TOKEN);
+    appendSignature(request);
+
+    config.log("sending request...");
     Response response = request.send();
-    return api.getRequestTokenExtractor().extract(response.getBody());
+    String body = response.getBody();
+
+    config.log("response status code: " + response.getCode());
+    config.log("response body: " + body);
+    return api.getRequestTokenExtractor().extract(body);
   }
 
   private void addOAuthParams(OAuthRequest request, Token token)
@@ -50,8 +59,10 @@ public class OAuth10aServiceImpl implements OAuthService
     request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.CONSUMER_KEY, config.getApiKey());
     request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.SIGN_METHOD, api.getSignatureService().getSignatureMethod());
     request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.VERSION, getVersion());
-    if(scope != NO_SCOPE) request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.SCOPE, scope);
+    if(config.hasScope()) request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.SCOPE, config.getScope());
     request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.SIGNATURE, getSignature(request, token));
+
+    config.log("appended additional OAuth parameters: " + MapUtils.toString(request.getOauthParameters()));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -59,11 +70,14 @@ public class OAuth10aServiceImpl implements OAuthService
    */
   public Token getAccessToken(Token requestToken, Verifier verifier)
   {
+    config.log("obtaining access token from " + api.getAccessTokenEndpoint());
     OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(api.getAccessTokenVerb(), api.getAccessTokenEndpoint());
     request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.TOKEN, requestToken.getToken());
     request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.VERIFIER, verifier.getValue());
+
+    config.log("setting token to: " + requestToken + " and verifier to: " + verifier);
     addOAuthParams(request, requestToken);
-    addOAuthHeader(request);
+    appendSignature(request);
     Response response = request.send();
     return api.getAccessTokenExtractor().extract(response.getBody());
   }
@@ -73,9 +87,12 @@ public class OAuth10aServiceImpl implements OAuthService
    */
   public void signRequest(Token token, OAuthRequest request)
   {
+    config.log("signing request: " + request.getCompleteUrl());
     request.addOAuthParameter(OAuthConstants.TOKEN, token.getToken());
+
+    config.log("setting token to: " + token);
     addOAuthParams(request, token);
-    addOAuthHeader(request);
+    appendSignature(request);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -86,14 +103,6 @@ public class OAuth10aServiceImpl implements OAuthService
     return VERSION;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * {@inheritDoc}
-   */
-  public void addScope(String scope)
-  {
-    this.scope = scope;
-  }
-
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
@@ -104,13 +113,33 @@ public class OAuth10aServiceImpl implements OAuthService
   
   private String getSignature(OAuthRequest request, Token token)
   {
+    config.log("generating signature...");
     String baseString = api.getBaseStringExtractor().extract(request);
-    return api.getSignatureService().getSignature(baseString, config.getApiSecret(), token.getSecret());
+    String signature = api.getSignatureService().getSignature(baseString, config.getApiSecret(), token.getSecret());
+
+    config.log("base string is: " + baseString);
+    config.log("signature is: " + signature);
+    return signature;
   }
 
-  private void addOAuthHeader(OAuthRequest request)
+  private void appendSignature(OAuthRequest request)
   {
-    String oauthHeader = api.getHeaderExtractor().extract(request);
+    switch (config.getSignatureType())
-    request.addHeader(OAuthConstants.HEADER, oauthHeader);
+    {
+      case Header:
+        config.log("using Http Header signature");
+
+        String oauthHeader = api.getHeaderExtractor().extract(request);
+        request.addHeader(OAuthConstants.HEADER, oauthHeader);
+        break;
+      case QueryString:
+        config.log("using Querystring signature");
+
+        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : request.getOauthParameters().entrySet())
+        {
+          request.addQuerystringParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+        break;
+    }
   }
 }

src/main/java/org/scribe/oauth/OAuth20ServiceImpl.java

@@ -22,14 +22,6 @@ public class OAuth20ServiceImpl implements OAuthService
     this.config = config;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * {@inheritDoc}
-   */
-  public void addScope(String scope)
-  {
-    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("OAuth 2 does not use scopes");
-  }
-
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc}
    */
@@ -40,6 +32,7 @@ public class OAuth20ServiceImpl implements OAuthService
     request.addQuerystringParameter(OAuthConstants.CLIENT_SECRET, config.getApiSecret());
     request.addQuerystringParameter(OAuthConstants.CODE, verifier.getValue());
     request.addQuerystringParameter(OAuthConstants.REDIRECT_URI, config.getCallback());
+    if(config.hasScope()) request.addQuerystringParameter(OAuthConstants.SCOPE, config.getScope());
     Response response = request.send();
     return api.getAccessTokenExtractor().extract(response.getBody());
   }

src/main/java/org/scribe/oauth/OAuthService.java

@@ -41,13 +41,6 @@ public interface OAuthService
    * @return oauth version as string
    */
   public String getVersion();
-
-  /**
-   * Adds the 'scope' parameter. This is **not** a default OAuth parameter and the setting is optional.
-   * 
-   * @param scope OAuth Api scope (optional)
-   */
-  public void addScope(String scope);
   
   /**
    * Returns the URL where you should redirect your users to authenticate

src/main/java/org/scribe/services/HMACSha1SignatureService.java

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public class HMACSha1SignatureService implements SignatureService
     {
       Preconditions.checkEmptyString(baseString, "Base string cant be null or empty string");
       Preconditions.checkEmptyString(apiSecret, "Api secret cant be null or empty string");
-      return doSign(baseString, URLUtils.percentEncode(apiSecret) + '&' + URLUtils.percentEncode(tokenSecret));
+      return doSign(baseString, OAuthEncoder.encode(apiSecret) + '&' + OAuthEncoder.encode(tokenSecret));
     } 
     catch (Exception e)
     {

src/main/java/org/scribe/services/PlaintextSignatureService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package org.scribe.services;
+
+import org.scribe.exceptions.*;
+import org.scribe.utils.*;
+
+/**
+ * plaintext implementation of {@SignatureService}
+ *
+ * @author Pablo Fernandez
+ *
+ */
+public class PlaintextSignatureService implements SignatureService
+{
+  private static final String METHOD = "plaintext";
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  public String getSignature(String baseString, String apiSecret, String tokenSecret)
+  {
+    try
+    {
+      Preconditions.checkEmptyString(apiSecret, "Api secret cant be null or empty string");
+      return OAuthEncoder.encode(apiSecret) + '&' + OAuthEncoder.encode(tokenSecret);
+    }
+    catch (Exception e)
+    {
+      throw new OAuthSignatureException(baseString, e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  public String getSignatureMethod()
+  {
+    return METHOD;
+  }
+}
+

src/main/java/org/scribe/utils/MapUtils.java

@@ -1,51 +1,22 @@
 package org.scribe.utils;
 
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
- * Utils for {@link Map} manipulation
+ * @author: Pablo Fernandez
- * 
- * @author Pablo Fernandez
  */
 public class MapUtils
 {
-  /**
+  public static <K,V> String toString(Map<K,V> map)
-   * Sorts a Map
-   * 
-   * @param map unsorted map
-   * @return sorted map
-   */
-  public static final Map<String, String> sort(Map<String, String> map)
   {
-    Preconditions.checkNotNull(map, "Cannot sort a null object.");
+    if (map == null) return "";
+    if (map.isEmpty()) return "{}";
 
-    Map<String, String> sorted = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
-    for (String key : getSortedKeys(map))
+    for(Map.Entry<K,V> entry : map.entrySet())
     {
-      sorted.put(key, map.get(key));
+      result.append(String.format(", %s -> %s ", entry.getKey().toString(), entry.getValue().toString()));
-    }
-    return sorted;
-  }
-
-  private static List<String> getSortedKeys(Map<String, String> map)
-  {
-    List<String> keys = new ArrayList<String>(map.keySet());
-    Collections.sort(keys);
-    return keys;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Form-urlDecodes and appends all keys from the source {@link Map} to the
-   * target {@link Map}
-   *
-   * @param source Map from where the keys get copied and decoded
-   * @param target Map where the decoded keys are copied to
-   */
-  public static void decodeAndAppendEntries(Map<String, String> source, Map<String, String> target)
-  {
-    for (String key: source.keySet())
-    {
-      target.put(URLUtils.percentEncode(key), URLUtils.percentEncode(source.get(key)));
     }
+    return "{" + result.substring(1) + "}";
   }
 }

src/main/java/org/scribe/utils/OAuthEncoder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package org.scribe.utils;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.*;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.regex.*;
+import org.scribe.exceptions.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author: Pablo Fernandez
+ */
+public class OAuthEncoder
+{
+  private static String CHARSET = "UTF-8";
+  private static final Map<String, String> ENCODING_RULES;
+
+  static
+  {
+    Map<String, String> rules = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    rules.put("*", "%2A");
+    rules.put("+", "%20");
+    rules.put("%7E", "~");
+    ENCODING_RULES = Collections.unmodifiableMap(rules);
+  }
+
+  public static String encode(String plain)
+  {
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(plain, "Cannot encode null object");
+    String encoded = "";
+    try
+    {
+      encoded = URLEncoder.encode(plain, CHARSET);
+    }
+    catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee)
+    {
+      throw new OAuthException("Charset not found while encoding string: " + CHARSET, uee);
+    }
+    for(Map.Entry<String, String> rule : ENCODING_RULES.entrySet())
+    {
+      encoded = applyRule(encoded, rule.getKey(), rule.getValue());
+    }
+    return encoded;
+  }
+
+  private static String applyRule(String encoded, String toReplace, String replacement)
+  {
+    return encoded.replaceAll(Pattern.quote(toReplace), replacement);
+  }
+
+  public static String decode(String encoded)
+  {
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(encoded, "Cannot decode null object");
+    try
+    {
+      return URLDecoder.decode(encoded, CHARSET);
+    }
+    catch(UnsupportedEncodingException uee)
+    {
+      throw new OAuthException("Charset not found while decoding string: " + CHARSET, uee);
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/org/scribe/utils/URLUtils.java

@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-package org.scribe.utils;
-
-import java.io.*;
-import java.net.*;
-import java.util.*;
-
-/**
- * Utils to deal with URL and url-encodings
- *
- * @author Pablo Fernandez
- */
-public class URLUtils
-{
-  private static final String EMPTY_STRING = "";
-  private static final String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";
-  private static final String PAIR_SEPARATOR = "=";
-  private static final String PARAM_SEPARATOR = "&";
-  private static final char QUERY_STRING_SEPARATOR = '?';
-
-  private static final String ERROR_MSG = String.format("Cannot find specified encoding: %s", UTF_8);
-
-  private static final Set<EncodingRule> ENCODING_RULES;
-
-  static
-  {
-    Set<EncodingRule> rules = new HashSet<EncodingRule>();
-    rules.add(new EncodingRule("*","%2A"));
-    rules.add(new EncodingRule("+","%20"));
-    rules.add(new EncodingRule("%7E", "~"));
-    ENCODING_RULES = Collections.unmodifiableSet(rules);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Turns a map into a form-urlencoded string
-   * 
-   * @param map any map
-   * @return form-url-encoded string
-   */
-  public static String formURLEncodeMap(Map<String, String> map)
-  {
-    Preconditions.checkNotNull(map, "Cannot url-encode a null object");
-    return (map.size() <= 0) ? EMPTY_STRING : doFormUrlEncode(map);
-  }
-
-  private static String doFormUrlEncode(Map<String, String> map)
-  {
-    StringBuffer encodedString = new StringBuffer(map.size() * 20);
-    for (String key : map.keySet())
-    {
-      encodedString.append(PARAM_SEPARATOR).append(formURLEncode(key));
-      if(map.get(key) != null)
-      {
-        encodedString.append(PAIR_SEPARATOR).append(formURLEncode(map.get(key)));
-      }
-    }
-    return encodedString.toString().substring(1);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Percent encodes a string
-   * 
-   * @param string plain string
-   * @return percent encoded string
-   */
-  public static String percentEncode(String string)
-  {
-    String encoded = formURLEncode(string);
-    for (EncodingRule rule : ENCODING_RULES)
-    {
-      encoded = rule.apply(encoded);
-    }
-    return encoded;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Translates a string into application/x-www-form-urlencoded format
-   *
-   * @param plain
-   * @return form-urlencoded string
-   */
-  public static String formURLEncode(String string)
-  {
-    Preconditions.checkNotNull(string, "Cannot encode null string");
-    try
-    {
-      return URLEncoder.encode(string, UTF_8);
-    } 
-    catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee)
-    {
-      throw new IllegalStateException(ERROR_MSG, uee);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Decodes a application/x-www-form-urlencoded string
-   * 
-   * @param string form-urlencoded string
-   * @return plain string
-   */
-  public static String formURLDecode(String string)
-  {
-    Preconditions.checkNotNull(string, "Cannot decode null string");
-    try
-    {
-      return URLDecoder.decode(string, UTF_8);
-    }
-    catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee)
-    {
-      throw new IllegalStateException(ERROR_MSG, uee);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Append given parameters to the query string of the url
-   *
-   * @param url the url to append parameters to
-   * @param params any map
-   * @return new url with parameters on query string
-   */
-  public static String appendParametersToQueryString(String url, Map<String, String> params)
-  {
-    Preconditions.checkNotNull(url, "Cannot append to null URL");
-    String queryString = URLUtils.formURLEncodeMap(params);
-    if (queryString.equals(EMPTY_STRING))
-    {
-      return url;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-      url += url.indexOf(QUERY_STRING_SEPARATOR) != -1 ? PARAM_SEPARATOR : QUERY_STRING_SEPARATOR;
-      url += queryString;
-      return url;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Concats a key-value map into a querystring-like String
-   *
-   * @param params key-value map
-   * @return querystring-like String
-   */
-  // TODO Move to MapUtils
-  public static String concatSortedPercentEncodedParams(Map<String, String> params)
-  {
-    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
-    for (String key : params.keySet())
-    {
-      result.append(key).append(PAIR_SEPARATOR);
-      result.append(params.get(key)).append(PARAM_SEPARATOR);
-    }
-    return result.toString().substring(0, result.length() - 1);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Parses and form-urldecodes a querystring-like string into a map
-   *
-   * @param queryString querystring-like String
-   * @return a map with the form-urldecoded parameters
-   */
-  // TODO Move to MapUtils
-  public static Map<String, String> queryStringToMap(String queryString)
-  {
-    Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<String, String>();
-    if (queryString != null && queryString.length() > 0)
-    {
-      for (String param : queryString.split(PARAM_SEPARATOR))
-      {
-        String pair[] = param.split(PAIR_SEPARATOR);
-        String key = formURLDecode(pair[0]);
-        String value = pair.length > 1 ? formURLDecode(pair[1]) : EMPTY_STRING;
-        result.put(key, value);
-      }
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  private static final class EncodingRule
-  {
-    private final String ch;
-    private final String toCh;
-
-    EncodingRule(String ch, String toCh)
-    {
-      this.ch = ch;
-      this.toCh = toCh;
-    }
-
-    String apply(String string) {
-      return string.replace(ch, toCh);
-    }
-  }
-}

src/test/java/org/scribe/builder/ServiceBuilderTest.java

@@ -18,12 +18,13 @@ public class ServiceBuilderTest
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void shouldReturnOOBasDefaultCallback()
+  public void shouldReturnConfigDefaultValues()
   {
     builder.provider(ApiMock.class).apiKey("key").apiSecret("secret").build();
     assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getApiKey(), "key");
     assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getApiSecret(), "secret");
     assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getCallback(), OAuthConstants.OUT_OF_BAND);
+    assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getSignatureType(), SignatureType.Header);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -35,6 +36,15 @@ public class ServiceBuilderTest
     assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getCallback(), "http://example.com");
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void shouldAcceptASignatureType()
+  {
+    builder.provider(ApiMock.class).apiKey("key").apiSecret("secret").signatureType(SignatureType.QueryString).build();
+    assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getApiKey(), "key");
+    assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getApiSecret(), "secret");
+    assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getSignatureType(), SignatureType.QueryString);
+  }
+
   @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
   public void shouldNotAcceptAnInvalidUrlAsCallback()
   {
@@ -47,19 +57,16 @@ public class ServiceBuilderTest
     builder.provider(ApiMock.class).apiKey("key").apiSecret("secret").scope("rss-api").build();
     assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getApiKey(), "key");
     assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getApiSecret(), "secret");
-    assertEquals(ApiMock.scope, "rss-api");
+    assertEquals(ApiMock.config.getScope(), "rss-api");
   }
 
   public static class ApiMock implements Api
   {
     public static OAuthConfig config;
-    public static String scope;
+
-    
+    public OAuthService createService(OAuthConfig config)
-    @Override
-    public OAuthService createService(OAuthConfig config, String scope)
     {
       ApiMock.config = config;
-      ApiMock.scope = scope;
       return null;
     }
   }

src/test/java/org/scribe/examples/Foursquare2Example.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package org.scribe.examples;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.scribe.builder.*;
+import org.scribe.builder.api.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.oauth.*;
+
+public class Foursquare2Example
+{
+  private static final String PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL = "https://api.foursquare.com/v2/users/self/friends?oauth_token=";
+  private static final Token EMPTY_TOKEN = null;
+
+  public static void main(String[] args)
+  {
+    // Replace these with your own api key and secret
+    String apiKey = "FEGFXJUFANVVDHVSNUAMUKTTXCP1AJQD53E33XKJ44YP1S4I";
+    String apiSecret = "AYWKUL5SWPNC0CTQ202QXRUG2NLZYXMRA34ZSDW4AUYBG2RC";
+    OAuthService service = new ServiceBuilder()
+                                  .provider(Foursquare2Api.class)
+                                  .apiKey(apiKey)
+                                  .apiSecret(apiSecret)
+                                  .callback("http://localhost:9000/")
+                                  .build();
+    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
+
+    System.out.println("=== Foursquare2's OAuth Workflow ===");
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Obtain the Authorization URL
+    System.out.println("Fetching the Authorization URL...");
+    String authorizationUrl = service.getAuthorizationUrl(EMPTY_TOKEN);
+    System.out.println("Got the Authorization URL!");
+    System.out.println("Now go and authorize Scribe here:");
+    System.out.println(authorizationUrl);
+    System.out.println("And paste the authorization code here");
+    System.out.print(">>");
+    Verifier verifier = new Verifier(in.nextLine());
+    System.out.println();
+    
+    // Trade the Request Token and Verfier for the Access Token
+    System.out.println("Trading the Request Token for an Access Token...");
+    Token accessToken = service.getAccessToken(EMPTY_TOKEN, verifier);
+    System.out.println("Got the Access Token!");
+    System.out.println("(if your curious it looks like this: " + accessToken + " )");
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Now let's go and ask for a protected resource!
+    System.out.println("Now we're going to access a protected resource...");
+    OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.GET, PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL + accessToken.getToken());
+    service.signRequest(accessToken, request);
+    Response response = request.send();
+    System.out.println("Got it! Lets see what we found...");
+    System.out.println();
+    System.out.println(response.getCode());
+    System.out.println(response.getBody());
+
+    System.out.println();
+    System.out.println("Thats it man! Go and build something awesome with Scribe! :)");
+
+  }
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/examples/LiveExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package org.scribe.examples;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.scribe.builder.*;
+import org.scribe.builder.api.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.oauth.*;
+
+public class LiveExample
+{
+  private static final String PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL = "https://api.foursquare.com/v2/users/self/friends?oauth_token=";
+  private static final Token EMPTY_TOKEN = null;
+
+  public static void main(String[] args)
+  {
+    // Replace these with your own api key and secret
+    String apiKey = "";
+    String apiSecret = "";
+    OAuthService service = new ServiceBuilder()
+                                  .provider(LiveApi.class)
+                                  .apiKey(apiKey)
+                                  .apiSecret(apiSecret)
+                                  .scope("wl.basic")
+                                  .callback("http://localhost:9000/")
+                                  .build();
+    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
+
+    System.out.println("=== Windows Live's OAuth Workflow ===");
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Obtain the Authorization URL
+    System.out.println("Fetching the Authorization URL...");
+    String authorizationUrl = service.getAuthorizationUrl(EMPTY_TOKEN);
+    System.out.println("Got the Authorization URL!");
+    System.out.println("Now go and authorize Scribe here:");
+    System.out.println(authorizationUrl);
+    System.out.println("And paste the authorization code here");
+    System.out.print(">>");
+    Verifier verifier = new Verifier(in.nextLine());
+    System.out.println();
+    
+    // Trade the Request Token and Verfier for the Access Token
+    System.out.println("Trading the Request Token for an Access Token...");
+    Token accessToken = service.getAccessToken(EMPTY_TOKEN, verifier);
+    System.out.println("Got the Access Token!");
+    System.out.println("(if your curious it looks like this: " + accessToken + " )");
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Now let's go and ask for a protected resource!
+    System.out.println("Now we're going to access a protected resource...");
+    OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.GET, PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL + accessToken.getToken());
+    service.signRequest(accessToken, request);
+    Response response = request.send();
+    System.out.println("Got it! Lets see what we found...");
+    System.out.println();
+    System.out.println(response.getCode());
+    System.out.println(response.getBody());
+
+    System.out.println();
+    System.out.println("Thats it man! Go and build something awesome with Scribe! :)");
+
+  }
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/examples/LoveFilmExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package org.scribe.examples;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.scribe.builder.*;
+import org.scribe.builder.api.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.oauth.*;
+
+public class LoveFilmExample
+{
+  private static final String NETWORK_NAME = "LoveFilm";
+  private static final String PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL = "https://api.lovefilm.com/users";
+
+  public static void main(String[] args)
+  {
+    // Replace these with your own api key and secret
+    String apiKey = "your_key";
+    String apiSecret = "your_secret";
+    OAuthService service = new ServiceBuilder().provider(LoveFilmApi.class).apiKey(apiKey).apiSecret(apiSecret).build();
+    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
+
+    System.out.println("=== " + NETWORK_NAME + "'s OAuth Workflow ===");
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Grab a request token.
+    System.out.println("Fetching request token.");
+    Token requestToken = service.getRequestToken();
+    System.out.println("Got it ... ");
+    System.out.println(requestToken.getToken());
+
+    // Obtain the Authorization URL
+    System.out.println("Fetching the Authorization URL...");
+    String authorizationUrl = service.getAuthorizationUrl(requestToken);
+    System.out.println("Got the Authorization URL!");
+    System.out.println("Now go and authorize Scribe here:");
+    System.out.println(authorizationUrl);
+    System.out.println("And paste the authorization code here");
+    System.out.print(">>");
+    Verifier verifier = new Verifier(in.nextLine());
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Trade the Request Token and Verfier for the Access Token
+    System.out.println("Trading the Request Token for an Access Token...");
+    Token accessToken = service.getAccessToken(requestToken, verifier);
+    System.out.println("Got the Access Token!");
+    System.out.println("(if your curious it looks like this: " + accessToken + " )");
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Now let's go and ask for a protected resource!
+    System.out.println("Now we're going to access a protected resource...");
+    OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.GET, PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL);
+    service.signRequest(accessToken, request);
+    Response response = request.send();
+    System.out.println("Got it! Lets see what we found...");
+    System.out.println();
+    System.out.println(response.getCode());
+    System.out.println(response.getBody());
+
+    System.out.println();
+    System.out.println("Thats it man! Go and build something awesome with Scribe! :)");
+
+  }
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/examples/NeteaseWeiboExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package org.scribe.examples;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.scribe.builder.*;
+import org.scribe.builder.api.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.oauth.*;
+
+public class NeteaseWeiboExample
+{
+	private static final String NETWORK_NAME = "NetEase(163.com) Weibo";
+	private static final String PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL = "http://api.t.163.com/account/verify_credentials.json";
+
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Replace these with your own api key and secret
+		String apiKey = "your key";
+		String apiSecret = "your secret";
+		OAuthService service = new ServiceBuilder()
+				                        .provider(NeteaseWeibooApi.class)
+				                        .apiKey(apiKey)
+				                        .apiSecret(apiSecret)
+				                        .build();
+		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
+
+		System.out.println("=== " + NETWORK_NAME + "'s OAuth Workflow ===");
+		System.out.println();
+
+		// Grab a request token.
+		System.out.println("Fetching request token.");
+		Token requestToken = service.getRequestToken();
+		System.out.println("Got it ... ");
+		System.out.println(requestToken.getToken());
+
+		// Obtain the Authorization URL
+		System.out.println("Fetching the Authorization URL...");
+		String authorizationUrl = service.getAuthorizationUrl(requestToken);
+		System.out.println("Got the Authorization URL!");
+		System.out.println("Now go and authorize Scribe here:");
+		System.out.println(authorizationUrl);
+		System.out.println("And paste the authorization code here");
+		System.out.print(">>");
+		Verifier verifier = new Verifier(in.nextLine());
+		System.out.println();
+
+		// Trade the Request Token and Verfier for the Access Token
+		System.out.println("Trading the Request Token for an Access Token...");
+		Token accessToken = service.getAccessToken(requestToken, verifier);
+		System.out.println("Got the Access Token!");
+		System.out.println("(if your curious it looks like this: "
+				+ accessToken + " )");
+		System.out.println();
+
+		// Now let's go and ask for a protected resource!
+		System.out.println("Now we're going to access a protected resource...");
+		OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.GET, PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL);
+		service.signRequest(accessToken, request);
+		Response response = request.send();
+		System.out.println("Got it! Lets see what we found...");
+		System.out.println();
+		System.out.println(response.getCode());
+		System.out.println(response.getBody());
+
+		System.out.println();
+		System.out.println("Thats it man! Go and build something awesome with Scribe! :)");
+	}
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/examples/SinaWeiboExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package org.scribe.examples;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.scribe.builder.*;
+import org.scribe.builder.api.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.oauth.*;
+
+public class SinaWeiboExample
+{
+	private static final String NETWORK_NAME = "SinaWeibo";
+	private static final String PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL = "http://api.t.sina.com.cn/account/verify_credentials.json";
+
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Replace these with your own api key and secret
+		String apiKey = "your key";
+		String apiSecret = "your secret";
+		OAuthService service = new ServiceBuilder()
+				                        .provider(SinaWeiboApi.class)
+				                        .apiKey(apiKey)
+				                        .apiSecret(apiSecret)
+				                        .build();
+		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
+
+		System.out.println("=== " + NETWORK_NAME + "'s OAuth Workflow ===");
+		System.out.println();
+
+		// Grab a request token.
+		System.out.println("Fetching request token.");
+		Token requestToken = service.getRequestToken();
+		System.out.println("Got it ... ");
+		System.out.println(requestToken.getToken());
+
+		// Obtain the Authorization URL
+		System.out.println("Fetching the Authorization URL...");
+		String authorizationUrl = service.getAuthorizationUrl(requestToken);
+		System.out.println("Got the Authorization URL!");
+		System.out.println("Now go and authorize Scribe here:");
+		System.out.println(authorizationUrl);
+		System.out.println("And paste the authorization code here");
+		System.out.print(">>");
+		Verifier verifier = new Verifier(in.nextLine());
+		System.out.println();
+
+		// Trade the Request Token and Verfier for the Access Token
+		System.out.println("Trading the Request Token for an Access Token...");
+		Token accessToken = service.getAccessToken(requestToken, verifier);
+		System.out.println("Got the Access Token!");
+		System.out.println("(if your curious it looks like this: "
+				+ accessToken + " )");
+		System.out.println();
+
+		// Now let's go and ask for a protected resource!
+		System.out.println("Now we're going to access a protected resource...");
+		OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.GET, PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL);
+		service.signRequest(accessToken, request);
+		Response response = request.send();
+		System.out.println("Got it! Lets see what we found...");
+		System.out.println();
+		System.out.println(response.getCode());
+		System.out.println(response.getBody());
+
+		System.out.println();
+		System.out.println("Thats it man! Go and build something awesome with Scribe! :)");
+	}
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/examples/SohuWeiboExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package org.scribe.examples;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.scribe.builder.*;
+import org.scribe.builder.api.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.oauth.*;
+
+public class SohuWeiboExample
+{
+	private static final String NETWORK_NAME = "SohuWeibo";
+	private static final String PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL = "http://api.t.sohu.com/account/verify_credentials.json";
+
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Replace these with your own api key and secret
+		String apiKey = "your_key";
+		String apiSecret = "your_secret";
+		OAuthService service = new ServiceBuilder()
+				                        .provider(SohuWeiboApi.class)
+				                        .apiKey(apiKey)
+				                        .apiSecret(apiSecret)
+				                        .build();
+		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
+
+		System.out.println("=== " + NETWORK_NAME + "'s OAuth Workflow ===");
+		System.out.println();
+
+		// Grab a request token.
+		System.out.println("Fetching request token.");
+		Token requestToken = service.getRequestToken();
+		System.out.println("Got it ... ");
+		System.out.println(requestToken.getToken());
+
+		// Obtain the Authorization URL
+		System.out.println("Fetching the Authorization URL...");
+		String authorizationUrl = service.getAuthorizationUrl(requestToken);
+		System.out.println("Got the Authorization URL!");
+		System.out.println("Now go and authorize Scribe here:");
+		System.out.println(authorizationUrl);
+		System.out.println("And paste the authorization code here");
+		System.out.print(">>");
+		Verifier verifier = new Verifier(in.nextLine());
+		System.out.println();
+
+		// Trade the Request Token and Verfier for the Access Token
+		System.out.println("Trading the Request Token for an Access Token...");
+		Token accessToken = service.getAccessToken(requestToken, verifier);
+		System.out.println("Got the Access Token!");
+		System.out.println("(if your curious it looks like this: "
+				+ accessToken + " )");
+		System.out.println();
+
+		// Now let's go and ask for a protected resource!
+		System.out.println("Now we're going to access a protected resource...");
+		OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.GET, PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL);
+		service.signRequest(accessToken, request);
+		Response response = request.send();
+		System.out.println("Got it! Lets see what we found...");
+		System.out.println();
+		System.out.println(response.getCode());
+		System.out.println(response.getBody());
+
+		System.out.println();
+		System.out.println("Thats it man! Go and build something awesome with Scribe! :)");
+	}
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/examples/TwitterExample.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import org.scribe.oauth.*;
 
 public class TwitterExample
 {
-  private static final String PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL = "http://api.twitter.com/1/account/verify_credentials.xml";
+  private static final String PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/update.json";
   
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ public class TwitterExample
 
     // Now let's go and ask for a protected resource!
     System.out.println("Now we're going to access a protected resource...");
-    OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.GET, PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL);
+    OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.POST, PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL);
+    request.addBodyParameter("status", "this is sparta! *");
     service.signRequest(accessToken, request);
     Response response = request.send();
     System.out.println("Got it! Lets see what we found...");

src/test/java/org/scribe/examples/VkontakteExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package org.scribe.examples;
+
+import org.scribe.builder.*;
+import org.scribe.builder.api.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+import org.scribe.oauth.*;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author Boris G. Tsirkin <mail@dotbg.name>
+ * @since 20.4.2011
+ */
+public class VkontakteExample
+{
+  private static final String NETWORK_NAME = "Vkontakte.ru";
+  private static final String PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL = "https://api.vkontakte.ru/method/friends.get";
+  private static final Token EMPTY_TOKEN = null;
+
+  public static void main(String[] args)
+  {
+    // Replace these with your own api key and secret
+    final String clientId = "your app id";
+    final String apiSecret = "your api secret";
+    OAuthService service = new ServiceBuilder()
+                                  .provider(VkontakteApi.class)
+                                  .apiKey(clientId)
+                                  .apiSecret(apiSecret)
+                                  .scope("friends,wall,offline") // replace with desired scope
+                                  .callback("http://your.site.com/callback")
+                                  .build();
+    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
+
+    System.out.println("=== " + NETWORK_NAME + "'s OAuth Workflow ===");
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Obtain the Authorization URL
+    System.out.println("Fetching the Authorization URL...");
+    String authorizationUrl = service.getAuthorizationUrl(EMPTY_TOKEN);
+    System.out.println("Got the Authorization URL!");
+    System.out.println("Now go and authorize Scribe here:");
+    System.out.println(authorizationUrl);
+    System.out.println("And paste the authorization code here");
+    System.out.print(">>");
+    Verifier verifier = new Verifier(in.nextLine());
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Trade the Request Token and Verfier for the Access Token
+    System.out.println("Trading the Request Token for an Access Token...");
+    Token accessToken = service.getAccessToken(EMPTY_TOKEN, verifier);
+    System.out.println("Got the Access Token!");
+    System.out.println("(if your curious it looks like this: " + accessToken + " )");
+    System.out.println();
+
+    // Now let's go and ask for a protected resource!
+    System.out.println("Now we're going to access a protected resource...");
+    OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.GET, PROTECTED_RESOURCE_URL);
+    service.signRequest(accessToken, request);
+    Response response = request.send();
+    System.out.println("Got it! Lets see what we found...");
+    System.out.println();
+    System.out.println(response.getCode());
+    System.out.println(response.getBody());
+
+    System.out.println();
+    System.out.println("Thats it man! Go and build something awesome with Scribe! :)");
+  }
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/extractors/BaseStringExtractorTest.java

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public class BaseStringExtractorTest
     OAuthRequest request = new OAuthRequest(Verb.GET, "http://example.com");
     extractor.extract(request);
   }
-  
+
   @Test
   public void shouldProperlyEncodeSpaces()
   {

src/test/java/org/scribe/extractors/JsonTokenExtractorTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package org.scribe.extractors;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import org.junit.*;
+import org.scribe.model.*;
+
+public class JsonTokenExtractorTest
+{
+  private String response = "'{ \"access_token\":\"I0122HHJKLEM21F3WLPYHDKGKZULAUO4SGMV3ABKFTDT3T3X\"}'";
+  private JsonTokenExtractor extractor = new JsonTokenExtractor();
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldParseResponse()
+  {
+    Token token = extractor.extract(response);
+    assertEquals(token.getToken(), "I0122HHJKLEM21F3WLPYHDKGKZULAUO4SGMV3ABKFTDT3T3X");
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void shouldThrowExceptionIfForNullParameters()
+  {
+    extractor.extract(null);
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void shouldThrowExceptionIfForEmptyStrings()
+  {
+    extractor.extract("");
+  }
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/extractors/TokenExtractor20Test.java

@@ -35,6 +35,15 @@ public class TokenExtractor20Test
     assertEquals("", extracted.getSecret());
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void shouldExtractTokenFromResponseWithManyParameters()
+  {
+    String response = "access_token=foo1234&other_stuff=yeah_we_have_this_too&number=42";
+    Token extracted = extractor.extract(response);
+    assertEquals("foo1234", extracted.getToken());
+    assertEquals("", extracted.getSecret());
+  }
+
   @Test(expected = OAuthException.class)
   public void shouldThrowExceptionIfTokenIsAbsent()
   {

src/test/java/org/scribe/extractors/TokenExtractorTest.java

@@ -26,6 +26,15 @@ public class TokenExtractorTest
     assertEquals("hdhd0244k9j7ao03", extracted.getSecret());
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void shouldExtractTokenFromInvertedOAuthStandardResponse()
+  {
+    String response = "oauth_token_secret=hh5s93j4hdidpola&oauth_token=hdhd0244k9j7ao03";
+    Token extracted = extractor.extract(response);
+    assertEquals("hh5s93j4hdidpola", extracted.getSecret());
+    assertEquals("hdhd0244k9j7ao03", extracted.getToken());
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void shouldExtractTokenFromResponseWithCallbackConfirmed()
   {

src/test/java/org/scribe/model/ConnectionStub.java

@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ public class ConnectionStub extends HttpURLConnection
     headers.put(key, value);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public String getRequestProperty(String s)
+  {
+    return headers.get(s);
+  }
+
   public Map<String, String> getHeaders()
   {
     return headers;

src/test/java/org/scribe/model/OAuthConfigTest.java

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package org.scribe.model;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
-import org.junit.*;
-
-public class OAuthConfigTest
-{
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldReturnDefaultValuesIfNotSet()
-  {
-    OAuthConfig config = new OAuthConfig("key", "secret");
-    assertEquals(OAuthConstants.OUT_OF_BAND, config.getCallback());
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldOverrideDefaultsIfSet()
-  {
-    OAuthConfig config = new OAuthConfig("key", "secret", "http://callback");
-    assertEquals("http://callback", config.getCallback());
-    assertEquals("key", config.getApiKey());
-    assertEquals("secret", config.getApiSecret());
-  }
-
-}

src/test/java/org/scribe/model/ParameterListTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package org.scribe.model;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
+
+/**
+ * @author: Pablo Fernandez
+ */
+public class ParameterListTest
+{
+  private ParameterList params;
+
+  @Before
+  public void setup()
+  {
+    this.params = new ParameterList();
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void shouldThrowExceptionWhenAppendingNullMapToQuerystring()
+  {
+    String url = null;
+    params.appendTo(url);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldAppendNothingToQuerystringIfGivenEmptyMap()
+  {
+    String url = "http://www.example.com";
+    Assert.assertEquals(url, params.appendTo(url));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldAppendParametersToSimpleUrl()
+  {
+    String url = "http://www.example.com";
+    String expectedUrl = "http://www.example.com?param1=value1&param2=value%20with%20spaces";
+
+    params.add("param1", "value1");
+    params.add("param2", "value with spaces");
+
+    url = params.appendTo(url);
+    Assert.assertEquals(url, expectedUrl);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldAppendParametersToUrlWithQuerystring()
+  {
+    String url = "http://www.example.com?already=present";
+    String expectedUrl = "http://www.example.com?already=present&param1=value1&param2=value%20with%20spaces";
+
+    params.add("param1", "value1");
+    params.add("param2", "value with spaces");
+
+    url = params.appendTo(url);
+    Assert.assertEquals(url, expectedUrl);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldProperlySortParameters()
+  {
+    params.add("param1", "v1");
+    params.add("param6", "v2");
+    params.add("a_param", "v3");
+    params.add("param2", "v4");
+    Assert.assertEquals("a_param=v3&param1=v1&param2=v4&param6=v2", params.sort().asFormUrlEncodedString());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldProperlySortParametersWithTheSameName()
+  {
+    params.add("param1", "v1");
+    params.add("param6", "v2");
+    params.add("a_param", "v3");
+    params.add("param1", "v4");
+    Assert.assertEquals("a_param=v3&param1=v1&param1=v4&param6=v2", params.sort().asFormUrlEncodedString());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldNotModifyTheOriginalParameterList()
+  {
+    params.add("param1", "v1");
+    params.add("param6", "v2");
+
+    assertNotSame(params, params.sort());
+  }
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/model/RequestTest.java

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import org.junit.*;
 
 public class RequestTest
 {
-
   private Request getRequest;
   private Request postRequest;
   private ConnectionStub connection;
@@ -35,8 +34,7 @@ public class RequestTest
   {
     assertEquals(2, getRequest.getQueryStringParams().size());
     assertEquals(0, postRequest.getQueryStringParams().size());
-    assertTrue(getRequest.getQueryStringParams().containsKey("qsparam"));
+    assertTrue(getRequest.getQueryStringParams().contains(new Parameter("qsparam", "value")));
-    assertTrue(getRequest.getQueryStringParams().get("qsparam").equals("value"));
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ public class RequestTest
   @Test
   public void shouldSetBodyParamsAndAddContentLength()
   {
-    assertEquals("param=value&param+with+spaces=value+with+spaces", postRequest.getBodyContents());
+    assertEquals("param=value&param%20with%20spaces=value%20with%20spaces", postRequest.getBodyContents());
     postRequest.send();
     assertTrue(connection.getHeaders().containsKey("Content-Length"));
   }
@@ -75,9 +73,56 @@ public class RequestTest
     assertEquals(3, request.getQueryStringParams().size());
   }
 
+   @Test
+  public void shouldReturnTheCompleteUrl()
+  {
+    Request request = new Request(Verb.GET, "http://example.com?one=val");
+    request.addQuerystringParameter("two", "other val");
+    request.addQuerystringParameter("more", "params");
+    assertEquals("http://example.com?one=val&two=other%20val&more=params", request.getCompleteUrl());
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void shouldHandleQueryStringSpaceEncodingProperly()
   {
-    assertTrue(getRequest.getQueryStringParams().get("other param").equals("value with spaces"));
+    assertTrue(getRequest.getQueryStringParams().contains(new Parameter("other param","value with spaces")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldAutomaticallyAddContentTypeForPostRequestsWithBytePayload()
+  {
+    postRequest.addPayload("PAYLOAD".getBytes());
+    postRequest.send();
+    assertEquals(Request.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE, connection.getHeaders().get("Content-Type"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldAutomaticallyAddContentTypeForPostRequestsWithStringPayload()
+  {
+    postRequest.addPayload("PAYLOAD");
+    postRequest.send();
+    assertEquals(Request.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE, connection.getHeaders().get("Content-Type"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldAutomaticallyAddContentTypeForPostRequestsWithBodyParameters()
+  {
+    postRequest.send();
+    assertEquals(Request.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE, connection.getHeaders().get("Content-Type"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldBeAbleToOverrideItsContentType()
+  {
+    postRequest.addHeader("Content-Type", "my-content-type");
+    postRequest.send();
+    assertEquals("my-content-type", connection.getHeaders().get("Content-Type"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldNotAddContentTypeForGetRequests()
+  {
+    getRequest.send();
+    assertFalse(connection.getHeaders().containsKey("Content-Type"));
   }
 }

src/test/java/org/scribe/utils/MapUtilsTest.java

@@ -1,53 +1,35 @@
 package org.scribe.utils;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
 import java.util.*;
-
 import org.junit.*;
 
+/**
+ * @author: Pablo Fernandez
+ */
 public class MapUtilsTest
 {
 
-  private Map<String, String> unsorted;
+  @Test
-
+  public void shouldPrettyPrintMap()
-  @Before
-  public void setup()
   {
-    unsorted = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+    Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
-    unsorted.put("d", "fourth");
+    map.put(1, "one");
-    unsorted.put("a", "first");
+    map.put(2, "two");
-    unsorted.put("c", "third");
+    map.put(3, "three");
-    unsorted.put("b", "second");
+    map.put(4, "four");
+    Assert.assertEquals("{ 1 -> one , 2 -> two , 3 -> three , 4 -> four }", MapUtils.toString(map));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void shouldSortMap()
+  public void shouldHandleEmptyMap()
   {
-    Map<String, String> sorted = MapUtils.sort(unsorted);
+    Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
-    List<String> values = new ArrayList<String>(sorted.values());
+    Assert.assertEquals("{}", MapUtils.toString(map));
-    assertEquals("first", values.get(0));
-    assertEquals("second", values.get(1));
-    assertEquals("third", values.get(2));
-    assertEquals("fourth", values.get(3));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void shouldNotModifyTheOriginalMap()
+  public void shouldHandleNullInputs()
   {
-    Map<String, String> sorted = MapUtils.sort(unsorted);
+    Assert.assertEquals("", MapUtils.toString(null));
-    assertNotSame(sorted, unsorted);
-
-    List<String> values = new ArrayList<String>(unsorted.values());
-    assertEquals("fourth", values.get(0));
-    assertEquals("first", values.get(1));
-    assertEquals("third", values.get(2));
-    assertEquals("second", values.get(3));
-  }
-
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void shouldThrowExceptionForNullMap()
-  {
-    MapUtils.sort(null);
   }
 }

src/test/java/org/scribe/utils/OAuthEncoderTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package org.scribe.utils;
+
+import org.junit.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author: Pablo Fernandez
+ */
+public class OAuthEncoderTest
+{
+  @Test
+  public void shouldPercentEncodeString()
+  {
+    String plain = "this is a test &^";
+    String encoded = "this%20is%20a%20test%20%26%5E";
+    assertEquals(encoded, OAuthEncoder.encode(plain));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldFormURLDecodeString()
+  {
+    String encoded = "this+is+a+test+%26%5E";
+    String plain = "this is a test &^";
+    assertEquals(plain, OAuthEncoder.decode(encoded));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldPercentEncodeAllSpecialCharacters()
+  {
+    String plain = "!*'();:@&=+$,/?#[]";
+    String encoded = "%21%2A%27%28%29%3B%3A%40%26%3D%2B%24%2C%2F%3F%23%5B%5D";
+    assertEquals(encoded, OAuthEncoder.encode(plain));
+    assertEquals(plain, OAuthEncoder.decode(encoded));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldNotPercentEncodeReservedCharacters()
+  {
+    String plain = "abcde123456-._~";
+    String encoded = plain;
+    assertEquals(encoded, OAuthEncoder.encode(plain));
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void shouldThrowExceptionIfStringToEncodeIsNull()
+  {
+    String toEncode = null;
+    OAuthEncoder.encode(toEncode);
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void shouldThrowExceptionIfStringToDecodeIsNull()
+  {
+    String toDecode = null;
+    OAuthEncoder.decode(toDecode);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldPercentEncodeCorrectlyTwitterCodingExamples()
+  {
+    // These tests are part of the Twitter dev examples here -> https://dev.twitter.com/docs/auth/percent-encoding-parameters
+    String sources[] = {"Ladies + Gentlemen", "An encoded string!", "Dogs, Cats & Mice"};
+    String encoded[] = {"Ladies%20%2B%20Gentlemen", "An%20encoded%20string%21", "Dogs%2C%20Cats%20%26%20Mice"};
+
+    for(int i = 0; i < sources.length; i++)
+    {
+      Assert.assertEquals(encoded[i], OAuthEncoder.encode(sources[i]));
+    }
+  }
+}

src/test/java/org/scribe/utils/URLUtilsTest.java

@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-package org.scribe.utils;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
-import java.util.*;
-
-import org.junit.*;
-
-public class URLUtilsTest
-{
-  @Test
-  public void shouldPercentEncodeMap()
-  {
-    Map<String, String> params = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
-    params.put("key", "value");
-    params.put("key with spaces", "value with spaces");
-    params.put("&symbols!", "#!");
-
-    String expected = "key=value&key+with+spaces=value+with+spaces&%26symbols%21=%23%21";
-    assertEquals(expected, URLUtils.formURLEncodeMap(params));
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldReturnEmptyStringForEmptyMap()
-  {
-    Map<String, String> params = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
-    String expected = "";
-    assertEquals(expected, URLUtils.formURLEncodeMap(params));
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldFormURLEncodeMapWithMissingValues()
-  {
-    Map<String, String> params = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
-    params.put("key", "value");
-    params.put("key with spaces", null);
-
-    String expected = "key=value&key+with+spaces";
-    assertEquals(expected, URLUtils.formURLEncodeMap(params));
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldPercentEncodeString()
-  {
-    String toEncode = "this is a test &^";
-    String expected = "this%20is%20a%20test%20%26%5E";
-    assertEquals(expected, URLUtils.percentEncode(toEncode));
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldFormURLEncodeString()
-  {
-    String toEncode = "this is a test &^";
-    String expected = "this+is+a+test+%26%5E";
-    assertEquals(expected, URLUtils.formURLEncode(toEncode));
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldFormURLDecodeString()
-  {
-    String toDecode = "this+is+a+test+%26%5E";
-    String expected = "this is a test &^";
-    assertEquals(expected, URLUtils.formURLDecode(toDecode));
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldPercentEncodeAllSpecialCharacters()
-  {
-    String plain = "!*'();:@&=+$,/?#[]";
-    String encoded = "%21%2A%27%28%29%3B%3A%40%26%3D%2B%24%2C%2F%3F%23%5B%5D";
-    assertEquals(encoded, URLUtils.percentEncode(plain));
-    assertEquals(plain, URLUtils.formURLDecode(encoded));
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldNotPercentEncodeReservedCharacters()
-  {
-    String plain = "abcde123456-._~";
-    String encoded = plain;
-    assertEquals(encoded, URLUtils.percentEncode(plain));
-  }
-
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void shouldThrowExceptionIfMapIsNull()
-  {
-    Map<String, String> nullMap = null;
-    URLUtils.formURLEncodeMap(nullMap);
-  }
-
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void shouldThrowExceptionIfStringToEncodeIsNull()
-  {
-    String toEncode = null;
-    URLUtils.percentEncode(toEncode);
-  }
-
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void shouldThrowExceptionIfStringToDecodeIsNull()
-  {
-    String toDecode = null;
-    URLUtils.formURLDecode(toDecode);
-  }
-
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void shouldThrowExceptionWhenAppendingNullMapToQuerystring()
-  {
-    String url = "http://www.example.com";
-    Map<String, String> nullMap = null;
-    URLUtils.appendParametersToQueryString(url, nullMap);
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldAppendNothingToQuerystringIfGivenEmptyMap()
-  {
-    String url = "http://www.example.com";
-    Map<String, String> emptyMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
-    String newUrl = URLUtils.appendParametersToQueryString(url, emptyMap);
-    Assert.assertEquals(url, newUrl);
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldAppendParametersToSimpleUrl()
-  {
-    String url = "http://www.example.com";
-    String expectedUrl = "http://www.example.com?param1=value1&param2=value+with+spaces";
-
-    Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
-    params.put("param1", "value1");
-    params.put("param2", "value with spaces");
-
-    url = URLUtils.appendParametersToQueryString(url, params);
-    Assert.assertEquals(url, expectedUrl);
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldAppendParametersToUrlWithQuerystring()
-  {
-    String url = "http://www.example.com?already=present";
-    String expectedUrl = "http://www.example.com?already=present&param1=value1&param2=value+with+spaces";
-
-    Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
-    params.put("param1", "value1");
-    params.put("param2", "value with spaces");
-
-    url = URLUtils.appendParametersToQueryString(url, params);
-    Assert.assertEquals(url, expectedUrl);
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldPercentEncodePlusSymbol()
-  {
-    String plain = "7aEP+jNAwvjc0mjhqg0nuXPf";
-    String encoded = "7aEP%2BjNAwvjc0mjhqg0nuXPf";
-
-    Assert.assertEquals(encoded, URLUtils.percentEncode(plain));
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void shouldURLDecodePlusSymbol()
-  {
-    String encoded = "oauth_verifier=7aEP%2BjNAwvjc0mjhqg0nuXPf";
-    String expected = "oauth_verifier=7aEP+jNAwvjc0mjhqg0nuXPf";
-
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, URLUtils.formURLDecode(encoded));
-  }
-}